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Fushi Pump Chongqing Co., Ltd
Address: No. 11, Tianxing Avenue, ShuangQiao Industrial Park, Chongqing,China
E-mail: Sales1@fspumps.com
Tel: +86-23-67956606
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Marine Centrifugal Ballast Water Pump
Date:2025-07-15Views:
Marine Centrifugal Ballast Water Pump
I. Product Overview
Marine centrifugal ballast water pumps are the core power equipment of ship ballast water systems, designed specifically for the injection, discharge, and inter-tank transfer of seawater ballast water. They regulate ship draft, stability, and trim balance. Constructed with cast iron (HT300) or duplex stainless steel (2205) as the main material, they generate pressure through high-speed rotation of centrifugal impellers to draw seawater from overboard, pressurize it, and deliver it to ballast tanks or discharge it overboard from tanks. The pump body undergoes seawater corrosion-resistant treatment, operating stably in -10℃~50℃ environments with a salt spray corrosion resistance life of ≥8 years. It meets IMO International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) and ballast equipment certification requirements of classification societies such as RS, LR, ABS, and CCS. As essential equipment for ships over 1000 gross tons, it is widely used in oil tankers, container ships, bulk carriers, and other ocean-going and coastal vessels.
II. Core Technologies and Material Characteristics
1.Material Selection and Performance
Material Type | Characteristic Advantages | Typical Application Scenarios |
Cast Iron (HT300) | Low cost, high mechanical strength (tensile strength ≥300MPa), suitable for low-salinity coastal seawater (Cl⁻≤20,000ppm), ideal for short-haul ships (pressure 0.6-1.6MPa). | Ballast systems of coastal bulk carriers and inland cargo ships |
Duplex Stainless Steel (2205) | Contains 22% Cr, 5% Ni, 3% Mo; resistant to high-salinity seawater (Cl⁻≤40,000ppm) and chloride ion corrosion; pitting resistance twice that of 316L; suitable for ocean-going ships (pressure 1.0-2.5MPa), 60% higher cost than cast iron. | Ballast systems of ocean-going oil tankers and container ships |
2.Key Technical Parameters
Flow range: 50-1000m³/h, suitable for ships of 1000-200,000 gross tons (e.g., 50,000 gross ton ships require single pump flow ≥300m³/h)
Head coverage: 15-40m, meeting pressure requirements for transportation from overboard to ballast tanks (including pipeline elbows, valves, and filter resistance losses)
Medium compatibility: Capable of conveying seawater with sediment content ≤3%, ballast water with corrosion inhibitors, and brackish water mixtures with temperature ≤40℃
Suction performance: Suction lift ≥6m, net positive suction head (NPSH) ≤4.5m, adapting to water absorption scenarios at different ship draft depths without priming devices
Operation efficiency: Hydraulic efficiency ≥82% under design conditions, 15% higher than reciprocating pumps of the same specification, saving up to 10,000kWh/year per unit
3.System Adaptation Design
Inlet and outlet adopt DN100-DN300 standard flanges, directly connectable to Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS) and supporting automatic control switching
Equipped with pressure sensors and flow transmitters, real-time feedback of operating data to the ship's central control system for remote start/stop and speed regulation
Basic protection configuration: Inlet fitted with 10mm aperture filters to intercept algae, floating ice, and other impurities; pump casing equipped with drain plugs for winter drainage and anti-freezing
III. Technical Advantages and Innovative Design
1. Large-Flow Efficient Conveyance
Open impeller design: Uses a single-suction semi-open impeller with a flow channel width 20% larger than closed impellers, allowing passage of solid particles ≤8mm in diameter (e.g., fine sand) and reducing clogging rates by 70% compared to closed impellers.
Wide operating condition capability: Maintains efficiency ≥75% in the 30%-110% rated flow range, adapting to flow requirements during different ballasting/unballasting stages (e.g., flow adjusted to 110% during full ballasting for rapid compliance).
2. Seawater Corrosion Resistance Enhancement
Duplex stainless steel flow channels: 2205 material flow components undergo solution treatment (1050℃ quenching) with a pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) ≥35, showing no pitting after 5000-hour immersion in 4% NaCl solution, suitable for high-salinity ocean environments.
Cast iron pump anti-corrosion coating: HT300 pump inner walls are sprayed with epoxy resin coating (thickness ≥0.3mm) with adhesion ≥5MPa and salt spray resistance up to 1000 hours, extending maintenance intervals for coastal ships to 2 years.
3. Adaptability to Ship Operating Conditions
Anti-cavitation structure: Impeller inlets are equipped with inducer wheels, reducing NPSH from 6m to 4m, ensuring stable operation with low noise even when ships have shallow draft during light loads (water absorption depth ≤3m).
Modular assembly: Core pump components (impeller, bearings, mechanical seal) adopt modular design, reducing replacement time to ≤4 hours and minimizing ship docking maintenance duration.
IV. Typical Application Scenarios
1. Routine Ballasting Operations
Empty load ballast injection: During empty voyage of container ships, duplex stainless steel centrifugal ballast water pumps (flow 500-800m³/h, head 30m) draw seawater from overboard, injecting 3000m³ into ballast tanks within 4 hours to achieve a safe draft of 10m.
Full load ballast discharge: After unloading, bulk carriers use cast iron ballast water pumps (flow 200-300m³/h) to discharge ballast tank seawater, cooperating with hull trim adjustment to complete 800m³ discharge within 2 hours, ensuring safe port loading/unloading.
2. Inter-tank Transfer and Balance Regulation
Stability adjustment: During crude oil loading/unloading of oil tankers, centrifugal ballast water pumps transfer ballast water through cross-tank pipelines (flow 150-200m³/h) to real-time compensate for cargo weight changes, controlling ship heel within ±1°.
Draft difference adjustment: When container ships pass through shoals, ballast water pumps transfer fore ballast water to the stern (head 25m), adjusting the fore-aft draft difference from -2m to +1m within 30 minutes to meet channel depth requirements.
3. Special Environment Adaptation
Polar ice zone operation: 2205 stainless steel ballast water pumps with heating jackets operate in -10℃ environments, conveying seawater containing ice particles (ice particle diameter ≤5mm) with flow maintaining 90% of the rated value, preventing pipeline freezing.
Tropical sea anti-biofouling: Linked with UV-sterilization BWMS, ballast water pumps convey pre-treated seawater (residual chlorine ≤0.5mg/L) to reduce algae growth in the pump, extending cleaning intervals to 300 hours.
V. Selection and Maintenance Specifications
1. Key Selection Parameters
Ship tonnage: 50-200m³/h for 1000-10,000 gross tons; 200-1000m³/h for 10,000-200,000 gross tons
Navigation area: Cast iron pumps for coastal/inland ships; duplex stainless steel pumps for ocean-going/high-salinity sea areas
Supporting systems: High-pressure models (head ≥25m) compatible with BWMS to avoid secondary pressurization
2. Maintenance Points
Daily monitoring: Check outlet pressure (fluctuation ≤±0.1MPa), bearing temperature (≤75℃), and mechanical seal leakage (≤5mL/h) every 800 hours
Regular maintenance: Clean inlet filters every 2000 hours; replace mechanical seals (seawater-resistant fluoroelastomer) every 4000 hours; inspect impeller wear (allowable radial clearance ≤0.5mm)
Seasonal maintenance: Drain pump water through drain plugs before winter lay-up; apply anti-rust oil to cast iron pumps; passivate duplex stainless steel pumps
3. Compliance Inspection
Annual classification society inspection, focusing on compatibility with BWMS (e.g., flow matching, pressure loss ≤0.2MPa)
Meet IMO BWM Convention D-2 standards, ensuring discharged water complies with biological discharge standards (≤10 living microorganisms/m³)
VI. Compliance and Certification
International standards: Complies with IMO BWM.2/Circ.70 Ballast Water System Guidelines and ISO 15747 Marine Ballast Pump Performance Testing Standards
Classification society certifications: Obtained ballast water pump type approval from RS, LR, ABS, and CCS (including 3000-hour seawater operation tests)
Environmental requirements: Compatible with ballast water management systems, meeting D-2 standards for biological safety of ballast water discharge